Hamd-O-Naats

1. Asma ul husna 99 names of Allah.

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2. Asma ul husna 99 names of prophet (PBUH).

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3. Ma banda e aasi hoon by Khalid Hasnain Khalid , Hamd.

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4. Ya Taiba Ya Taiba by Ayesha Abdul Basit Arabic & English.

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5. Hasbi Rabbi by Sami Yusuf, Arabic English Urdu mix.

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6. Assalamu alayka by Maher Zain , Arabic.

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Hasbi Rabbi by Geeflow , Turkish Arabic.

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Volvo

 

The official website of Volvo is,

www.volvo.com  

The official website of volvo group is,

www.volvogroup.com

Volvo trademark was used by two separate companies: Volvo Group – a manufacturer of trucks, buses and construction equipment (among others) owned by Swedish interests. 

Which sold their Volvo car corporation unit to the Ford company.

Volvo Car Corporation was under the ownership of Ford until 2010 when it was sold to Geely Automobile of China which owns over 15 other vehicle makers.

The Volvo Group (Swedish: Volvokoncernen; legally Aktiebolaget Volvo, shortened to AB Volvo, stylized as VOLVO) is a Swedish multinational manufacturing corporation headquartered in Gothenburg. While its core activity is the production, distribution and sale of trucks, buses and construction equipment, Volvo also supplies marine and industrial drive systems and financial services. In 2016, it was the world's second-largest manufacturer of heavy-duty trucks with its subsidiary Volvo Trucks.

Automobile manufacturer Volvo Cars unit, also based in Gothenburg, was part of AB Volvo until 1999, when it was sold to the Ford Motor Company. Since 2010 Volvo Cars has been owned by the automotive company Geely Holding Group. Both AB Volvo and Volvo Cars share the Volvo logo and cooperate in running the Volvo Museum in Sweden.

History

The brand name Volvo was originally registered as a trademark in May 1911 with the intention to be used for a new series of SKF ball bearings. It means "I roll" in Latin, conjugated from "volvere". The idea was short-lived, and SKF decided to simply use its initials as the trademark for all its bearing products.

Ball bearing

In 1924, Assar Gabrielsson, an SKF sales manager, and Gustav Larson, a KTH educated engineer, decided to start construction of a Swedish car. They intended to build cars that could withstand the rigors of the country's rough roads and cold temperatures.

AB Volvo began activities on 10 August 1926. After one year of preparations involving the production of ten prototypes, the firm was ready to commence the car-manufacturing business within the SKF group. The Volvo Group itself considers it started in 1927, when the first car, a Volvo ÖV 4, rolled off the production line at the factory in Hisingen, Gothenburg.

Volvo First car

On the morning of 14 April 1927, the first Volvo car drove out through the factory gates in Gothenburg on the west coast of Sweden. The car was officially called the ÖV4 and it was an open tourer with a four-cylinder engine. The world's first Volvo was ready to hit the road.

Only 280 cars were built that year.

1927 – Volvo first car rolls out from the factory

Volvo First Truck 

The first truck, the "Series 1", debuted in January 1928, as an immediate success and attracted attention outside the country. In 1930, Volvo sold 639 cars, and the export of trucks to Europe started soon after; the cars did not become well known outside Sweden until after World War II. 

Volvo truck series 1

AB Volvo

AB Volvo was introduced at the Stockholm Stock Exchange in 1935 and SKF then decided to sell its shares in the company. By 1942, Volvo acquired the Swedish precision engineering company Svenska Flygmotor (later renamed as Volvo Aero).

Pentaverken, which had manufactured engines for Volvo, was acquired in 1935, providing a secure supply of engines and entry into the marine engine market.

Volvo First Bus

The first bus, named B1, was launched in 1934, and aircraft engines were added to the growing range of products at the beginning of the 1940s.

Volvo bus B 1

Volvo First Tank 

Volvo was also responsible for producing the Stridsvagn m/42 m during the second World war cars production slowed.

Stridsvagn m/42 (Strv m/42) was a Swedish medium tank in service in the World War II period. Known by its manufacturer AB Landsverk as Lago II-III-IV, it fielded a 75 mm L/31 gun, the first of its size in a Swedish tank. It entered service with the Swedish Army in April 1943. Modern in design and mobile, a total of 282 were produced.

Stridsvagn m/42 (1943)

Volvo little car

On 1 September 1944, the car that would make Volvo an international car company was unveiled in Stockholm. “The little Volvo”, as it was called, was seen in Sweden as a promise of post-war prosperity and in the course of two weeks 2,300 people placed orders for the PV 444.

Volvo Pv444

Volvo estate car

The Volvo estate cars story begins with Duett

The Volvo Duett was launched as “two cars in one” – for both work and leisure. It was the first in a long line of estates that have made Volvo synonymous with this type of practical car. Since then, more than 6 million Volvo estates have been made.

Volvo estate Duett

Volvo sports car

Like many car manufacturers, Volvo did foray into the world of Sports cars with their P1900, which was launched in 1956.

Volvo P1900

However, this had a short production run, but was later replaced with the P1800.

The P1800 found fame in the TV series “The Saint”, with Roger Moore behind the wheel.

Volvo P1800

Volvo safety marks

Then Volvo starts export to the USA in 1955.

And introduced some new safety measures in the production like three point safety belts .

Volvo international reputation for advanced safety was confirmed when the US Government bought 24 cars of the model Volvo 240 for extensive crash testing. As a result of the tests, Volvo was officially chosen at the time as the benchmark to set safety standards for all new cars.

Volvo 240 station wagon 

In 1950, Volvo acquired the Swedish construction and agricultural equipment manufacturer Bolinder-Munktell. Bolinder-Munktell was renamed as Volvo BM in 1973. In 1979, Volvo BM's agricultural equipment business was sold to Valmet. Later, through restructuring and acquisitions, the remaining construction equipment business became Volvo Construction Equipment.

Volvo Excavator 

Volvo A30 G Dump truck 

New orientation - more brands

The Volvo Group acquired RVI/Mack with the aim of growing within the truck sectors in both the USA and Europe. Following this deal, the Group acquired two new brands, Mack and Renault Trucks.

Ford buy Volvo car division 

After a merger with Renault fell through in 1993, Volvo was one of the remaining independent car manufacturers.  However, in 1999, Volvo tried to merge with Scania AB, the Swedish commercial vehicle manufacturer. But, the European Union prevented them from doing so.

In the same year, however, Volvo sold their car division to Ford motor company. This Volvo division were placed in Ford’s Premier Automotive Group with the likes of Land Rover, Jaguar and Aston Martin. Interestingly, Volvo’s satellite navigation system was used in some Aston Martins,

including the Vanquish, DB9 and V8 Vantage.

Volvo Ownership

Volvo Car Corporation was under the ownership of Ford until 2010 when it was sold to Geely Automobile of China.

Before this Renault also had a stake in Volvo in the mid-2000s. 

In 2001, Volvo bought Renault Vehicules Industriels and renamed it Renault Trucks.

By 2010, they were Volvo’s biggest shareholder with 21.7%.  However, they had sold these shares by 2012

In 2006, Volvo also acquired shares in UD Trucks from Nissan Motor Company. In 2007, however, Volvo took full control of UD Trucks, with the aim of extending their presence in the Asian Pacific market.

Volvo 2023 Vision

Let it be said that Volvo are very ambitious. And very passionate about safety. So passionate and so ambitious, in fact, that their 2023 vision is that “safty comfort and innovation”.

Volvo XC60

2023 Volvo XC90 Successor To Blend SUV And Estate Styling Cues

The third-generation XC90 will closely follow the design of the Volvo Concept Recharge.

Volvo unveiled the Concept Recharge.

Volvo XC90 Successor 

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Mercedes-Benz

The official website of Mercedes-Benz is www.mercedes-benz.com

Mercedes-Benz (German pronunciation: [mɛɐ̯ˈtseːdəsˌbɛnts, -dɛs-] commonly referred to as Mercedes and sometimes as Benz, is a German luxury and commercial vehicle automotive brand it's headquartered is situated in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

The History Of Mercedes-Benz

The history of Benz started from date long back to 1885.

Human,s always works hard for his convenience, especially many inventions were made to make travel comfortable and to travel faster.

Earlier cars had been driven by springs and compressed air. Windmill-powered vehicles were made before them.

The scientific and technical building blocks of the automobile go back several hundred years. For example, in the late 1600s, Dutch scientist Christiaan Huygens invented a type of internal combustion engine sparked by gunpowder.

Development of the automobile started in 1672 with the invention of the first steam-powered vehicle,

The first steam-powered vehicle was supposedly built in 1679 by Ferdinand Verbiest, a Flemish Jesuit in China. The vehicle was a toy for the Chinese Emperor.

which led to the creation of the first steam-powered automobile capable of human transportation, built by Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot in 1769.

First steam powered automobile

The world's first practical modern automobile made by the Germans.

The Benz Patent-Motorwagen ("patent motorcar"), built in 1885 by the German Carl Benz, is widely regarded as the world's first practical modern automobile and was the first car put into series production. It was patented and unveiled in 1886. The original cost of the vehicle in 1886 was 600 imperial German marks, approximately 150 to 200 US dollars .

Carl's wife Bertha demonstrated its feasibility in a trip from Mannheim to Pforzheim in August 1888, shortly before it became the first commercially available automobile in history in the late summer of 1888.

The Benz Patent-Motorwagen was a motor tricycle with a rear-mounted engine. 

Benz first patent motor car

The Benz first patent motor car the father of the car Carl Benz historical review

Which is widely regarded as the first internal combustion engine in a self-propelled automobile. The slogan for the brand is "the best or nothing"

The unveiling of the Motorwagen sparked many conversations because it is widely regarded as the first-ever gasoline-powered vehicle. It was also driven by Bertha Benz to promote her husband's invention, making her the first female driver in history.

Later in 1886, Gottlieb Daimler, Wilheim Maybach, and Benz decided to convert a stagecoach with a fully-functional petrol engine. It became available on the market in 1901 as an official part of the Daimler Motors Corporation. This success got the attention of Austrian entrepreneur Emil Jellinek, who worked with the group in 1902 to create the 1901 Mercedes (named after Jellinek's daughter). After enjoying immense popularity across the world, Karl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler merged companies to engineer the first vehicles to ever carry the Mercedes-Benz brand in 1926. From that point on, Mercedes-Benz has been known for bringing revolutionary ideas to the automotive world.

Mercedes-Benz AG (a Mercedes-Benz Group subsidiary established in 2019) is headquartered in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Mercedes-Benz AG produces consumer luxury vehicles and commercial vehicles badged as Mercedes-Benz. From November 2019 onwards, Mercedes-Benz-badged heavy commercial vehicles (trucks and buses) are managed by Daimler Truck, a former part of the Mercedes-Benz Group turned into an independent company in late 2021. In 2018, Mercedes-Benz was the largest brand of premium vehicles in the world, having sold 2.31 million passenger cars and in 2.07 million in 2022 .

The company said down 1% on the previous year as the carmaker felt the impact of COVID-19 measures and bottlenecks.

Mercedes-Benz normally has a strong reputation for quality and durability.

Mercedes Benz is the leading brand in automobiles because of its  innovation.

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Automobiles

An automobile is a self-propelled motor vehicle intended for passenger transportation on land. It usually has four wheels and an internal combustion engine fueled most often by gasoline, a liquid petroleum product. Known more commonly as a car, formerly as a motorcar, it is one of the most universal of modern technologies, manufactured by one of the world’s largest industries. More than 80.4 million new automobiles were produced worldwide in the year 2022, up about 4.1% vs. 2021.

Earlier cars had been driven by springs and compressed air. Windmill-powered vehicles were made before them. 

The scientific and technical building blocks of the automobile go back several hundred years. For example, in the late 1600s, Dutch scientist Christiaan Huygens invented a type of internal combustion engine sparked by gunpowder.

Development of the automobile started in 1672 with the invention of the first steam-powered vehicle,

The first steam-powered vehicle was supposedly built in 1679 by Ferdinand Verbiest, a Flemish Jesuit in China. The vehicle was a toy for the Chinese Emperor.

which led to the creation of the first steam-powered automobile capable of human transportation, built by Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot in 1769.

First steam powered automobile

"Cugnot 1769" Replica Recorded at the Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn Michigan, September 10, 2011, during the 61st Old Car Festivl.

The world's first practical modern automobile made by the Germans.

The Benz Patent-Motorwagen ("patent motorcar"), built in 1885 by the German Carl Benz, is widely regarded as the world's first practical modern automobile and was the first car put into series production.It was patented and unveiled in 1886. The original cost of the vehicle in 1886 was 600 imperial German marks, approximately 150 to 200 US dollars . Karl's wife Bertha demonstrated its feasibility in a trip from Mannheim to Pforzheim in August 1888, shortly before it became the first commercially available automobile in history in the late summer of 1888. The Benz Patent-Motorwagen was a motor tricycle with a rear-mounted engine. Which is discussed in detail in Mercedes articles section. 

Benz first patent motorwagen 

With advanced development The “horseless carriage” in its modern form had been developed by the end of the 19th century. At that time, it was not clear which of three fuel sources would become most commercially successful: steam, electric power, or gasoline. Cars run by steam engines could go at high speeds but had a short range and were inconvenient to start. Battery-powered electric cars had a 38 percent share of the United States automobile market in 1900, but they also had a limited range and recharging stations were hard to find.

With the passage of times improvement advancement makes the automobiles more fast and reliable . And now in these days different varieties of automobiles with different functions are available with high speed and comfort.

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Bollywood Video Songs

1. kisi din banoongi main Raja ke Rani by Madhuri Dikshat & Sanjay.

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2. chand taron main nazar aaye chera tera by Udit Narayan & Sadhana.

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3. Chaand tare Phool shabnam by Kumar Sauno & Alka Yagnik.

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4. Tukar Tukar dekhty ho kya by Alka & Kumar Sanu.

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5. Ye jo teri Payalon ki chan chan hai by Abhijeet & Sadhana.

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6. Kaale libas mein Badan Gora yahoon lage Iman se by Udat Narayan.

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7. Arzoo ki Rahon Mein by Alka & Udit Narayan.

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Nohay Videos

1. Wal khat u hussaini by Hadi Faour.

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2. Akbar-e-man by Ali gee.

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3. Dil-e-Dukhtar by Ali jee.

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4. Fuztu Rabbil Kaaba by Mohammad Ali Rizvi.

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5. Jaanam Fida-e-haideri by Amjad Baltaistani.

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6. Hussain janam Hussain by Irfan by irfan Haider.

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7. Hai ghazab ho gaya Fatima Zahra ka bhara gher luta by Ali shanwar & Ali jee.

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The Science of Earthquakes

An earthquake is an intense shaking of Earth’s surface. The shaking is caused by movements in Earth’s outermost layer.

Simply Earthquakes occur due to the sudden release of energy from the earth's crust. Due to which seismic waves are generated which cause earthquakes.

Scientists can measure the magnitude of earthquakes by measuring these seismic waves on instruments called seismometer.

A seismometer detects seismic waves below the instrument and records them as a series of zig-zags by this means different types of waves intensity can be recorded in the form of graph called ceismograph measured on a scale known as Richter scale.

Why do earthquakes happen

Although the Earth looks like a pretty solid place from the surface, it’s actually extremely active just below the surface. The Earth is made of four basic layers: a solid crust, a hot nearly solid mantle, a liquid outer core and a solid inner core.

These basic layers are made up of their sub layers which combinly makes the structure of the Earth.

The crust and the top of the mantle make up a thin skin on the surface of our planet region called lithosphere.

The lithosphere isn’t a continuous piece that wraps around the whole Earth like an eggshell. 

Earth's outer skin is not a continuous surface. Instead, it is composed of massive segments called tectonic plates. 

Tectonic plates are constantly shifting as they drift around on the viscous, or slowly flowing, mantle layer below.

This non-stop movement causes stress on Earth’s crust. When the stresses get too large, it leads to cracks called faults. When tectonic plates move, it also causes movements at the faults and produced energy which travel in the form of waves known as cesmic waves which cause vibration or shaking of earth in the form of earthquakes.

Simply an earthquake is the sudden movement of Earth’s crust at a fault line.

Center of motion is located in the plate is called Hypo Center.  The center of the earthquake on the earth's surface above it is called the Epicentre.  

An earthquake’s most intense shaking is often felt near the epicenter. However, the vibrations from an earthquake can still be felt and detected hundreds, or even thousands of miles away from the epicenter.

Some time cesmic waves produced due to havey explosion which cause the vibration or shaking of earth as well.

When an earthquake occurs, different types of energy waves are generated.

"P waves" or "primary waves" 

are the first waves to be detected. These are compressional waves that push and pull as they move through rock and fluids.
"S waves" or "secondary waves"
are the next waves to be detected. These waves move only through rock. They move up and down or side to side, perpendicular to the direction in which the wave is moving.

Surface waves

These waves follow P and S waves. They travel along the surface of the earth and thus cause the most damage. 
Surface waves can be characterized as Love waves, which are faster and move the ground from side to side, and Rayleigh waves, which roll like waves on the surface of oceans and lakes.

Two major types of earthquakes

There are two types of earthquakes, earthquakes caused by natural causes are called tectonic earthquakes, while earthquakes caused by human activities are called non-tectonic.  Tectonic earthquakes can also be of extreme magnitude.  Whereas non-tectonics are usually of moderate magnitude.  The effect of the same earthquake can be different on different regions, so there is a lot of destruction in one region, but other regions remain safe.  Earthquake waves travel at a speed of 25,000 kilometers per hour.  In areas of soft soil and sand, they prove to be extremely destructive.  Their magnitude is estimated on the Richter scale from seismograph records.  While the intensity of the visible disaster is measured by the Mercally Intensity Scale.  Earthquakes also occur on the surface of the ocean floor, and the fact is that most earthquakes occur on the ocean floor.  Marine earthquakes or tsunamis create large waves in the sea.  Some of them extend from one hundred miles to 200 miles in length, while their height is up to 40 feet.  When these waves reach the coast, they pass through the coast and enter the land like a flood and spread immense destruction and destruction.

other types of earthquakes

In addition to tectonic earthquakes, seismologists have classified three more earthquake types:

Volcanic: Earthquakes that occur in conjunction with volcanic activity

Collapse: Smaller-scale earthquakes that result from the subterranean collapse of caverns or mines

Explosion: Earthquakes caused by underground explosions of nuclear or chemical devices.

Induced seismicity: is typically earthquakes and tremors that are caused by human activity that alters the stresses and strains on Earth's crust.

Fracking:  is an informal term for hydraulic fracturing, a process used to increase the flow of oil or gas to a production well.

Seismic events associated with fracking  may cause earthquakes.

Artificial Manmade: Scientists have known for a long time that humans can cause earthquakes, especially when we mess around with underground faults. 

And by producing artificial waves in earth crust Haarp is the best example ot it now these days.

Earthquake Foreshocks 

Sometimes an earthquake has foreshocks. These are smaller earthquakes that happen in the same place as the larger earthquake that follows. Scientists can’t tell that an earthquake is a foreshock until the larger earthquake happens. The largest, main earthquake is called the mainshock. Mainshocks always have aftershocks that follow. These are smaller earthquakes that occur afterwards in the same place as the mainshock. Depending on the size of the mainshock, aftershocks can continue for weeks, months, and even years after the mainshock!

Earthquakes regions

The main reasons of earthquakes in these regions are mainly tectonic earthquakes

The regions of the world where earthquakes occur more are mainly located in 3 belt belts.  The first belt, which is connected to the Himalayan mountains towards the east, passes through the Himalayan mountains in the northern regions of India and Pakistan, passes through Afghanistan, Iran and then Turkey to continental Europe and from Yugoslavia to France, i.e. to the Alps.

The second belt starts from the mountain range of Alaska on the western edge of the continent of North America and includes the Rocky mountains towards the south, passes through Mexico and reaches Chile through the countries of Colombia, Ecuador and Peru located in the western part of the continent of South America.  Is.  While the third belt starts from Japan in the east of the continent of Asia, passes through Taiwan and reaches the islands of the Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia and Indonesia in the south.  50 percent of earthquakes in the world originate in the Himalayas, Rocky Mountains and Andes mountains and these three mountain ranges are located in the belts mentioned above.  About 40 percent of earthquakes occur in the coastal areas of continents and their vicinity, while the remaining 10 percent of earthquakes occur in areas of the world that are neither mountainous nor coastal.

Inspite of the scitific belives some other belives including religious belives are alwse present about earthquakes discuss in detail in the article religious belives about earthquakes.

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