How to Exercise with weight

Chapter One

How to Exercise with weights

This course is equally beneficial for both mens and women's no gender discrimination in it, women can perform selective experience for their selective body part just as belly Exercise to reduce belly fat.

It is natural for an enthusiastic beginner to overdo it.  When he wakes up the next morning, he puts on his joints

And feels so much pain in the muscles that he makes a firm commitment not to do this exercise again.  If you follow the prescribed course of exercises, you can avoid these pains.  You will only feel a slight pain in the cracks.

The right way to practice with exercise is to exercise three times a week every other day.  you monday  It's raining

And you can exercise on any alternate day you choose from Friday or Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday.  When you exercise your muscles

If there are, your fine cells become weak and tired.  So you need to rest for a day to restore the strength of your cells

This is why you should take a day off to exercise.

The best time to exercise is at 3 or 4 in the afternoon and an hour or two after eating in the evening.  However, if in the afternoon of Yasham

If the times are not suitable, then exercise at that time if you have the convenience. It is not appropriate to exercise immediately after eating.  Food should be digested long enough to wait at least an hour or two before exercising.

Wait an hour or so—even longer—before you eat. When you exercise, the heart sends blood to the ventricles are being used and it takes time for the blood to moderate.  Before they digest the food can be used for Before starting a course of exercises, check your weight and measure yourself.  Note these measurements.

If possible, take a photo of yourself and paste it on the page and write down the measurements taken.  Check your weight and measurements every month.

This way you will know how much progress you have made.  Whether you exercise at the gym or at home.  exercise

Do it in front of the mirror.  This way you will know whether you are doing the exercises correctly or not. Also of your body keep inspecting the structure.

The exercise room should be well ventilated and comfortable enough to avoid straining the muscles.  When you are exercising.  At that time, use such a shirt that can absorb sweat.

Or use any other clothing that can keep you warm.  There will be few players who will keep themselves warm beyond participating in the game.

Warm muscles are much more efficient in exercise and thus less likely to overload the muscles.

Before starting any exercise, warm up by pressing the bar a few times without much weight.  And then a few times of bars

Bend your knees together.  If you've never lifted before, start with a light weight of 30 or 40 pounds.  if you

If you can comfortably lift this weight above your head eight or ten times, then it is the right weight for you.  Suppose you do

If you decide to start with a forty pound weight, use that weight all week.  Repeat the given exercise 8 to 10 times.

Next week, increase your workouts by one or two times as directed.  When you exercise 12 to 15 times as desired

If you can repeat, then you are ready to increase this weight by 3 to 5 pounds according to your strength and courage.  you

You will find that in some exercises, for example, bending on the knees.  And carrying heavy loads including thighs.  Enter the process of the rump and back happens.  You can increase the weight by ten to 15 pounds.  Because muscles are the biggest and strongest part of the body.

Do each exercise correctly.  It is a common tendency among bodybuilders to use heavy weights

As much as they can't stand it.  You will benefit more if you do your exercises correctly with relatively light weights

That you overdo it the wrong way.  After exercising, take a hot spring bath.  This causes sleepiness

goes  If you plan to go out, take a hot shower and let it cool down gradually to reduce the chance of catching a cold.

A beginner should not exercise for more than half an hour.  Once your body gets used to the exercises, you can gradually increase the time to one hour.  By training three times a week, you will shape your body exceptionally well Can improve.

Do not exercise when you feel completely exhausted.  It is bad for your health.

And doing so will not contribute to muscle strengthening.  Exercise done correctly will tire you out to a comfortable level.  And

Your muscles will feel that they have been fully exercised.

How to exercise with weights

You may have read in weightlifting magazines and weightlifting magazines that many prominent bodybuilders change their routines.

I use the bench press to lift very heavy loads from 200 to 400 lbs.  This is highly commendable

So it can be.  But using such heavy weights is not necessary to build a good body shape.  You gradually appropriate

And ideally 50 can squat and bench press up to 200 pounds and use static loads of 200 to 250 pounds.

People who are interested in physical competitions and whose physical deal is to become a champion or almost become a champion.

It is capable.  Or those who want to break the current weightlifting record.  "Go ahead," I say to them.  I this

I will study with interest.  However, it was written for boys and men with average or below average physiques

has gone  A moderate and suitable weight lifting technique to make your body part healthy in proportion I am interested.

Hard work compared to training

Many persons are afraid of the curved rod (barrel) because of the strain and risk of injury happens If you follow the instructions , there is no reason for pain and injury.  

That's when the danger happens When novice (clumsy) receives his barbell set and instead of following a carefully laid out course, his whole tries to test the strength.

Get plenty of rest between exercises in the beginning.  Some persons need more rest than others.

You will find that light exercises require anywhere from thirty seconds to a minute of rest.  Avoid heavy workouts.

More rest may be needed.  We all have different stamina and physical structure. 

Therefore the duration of the rest period will also be individual.  You will find that when you exercise in the summer, you exercise, More rest is needed in between.  It is wise to reduce exercise in hot and humid weather.

Most people prefer to do 10 reps when exercising with a barbell.  Repeat this 10, 15 or 20 times.

Why not?  It is not necessary for you to improve to meet your prescribed number of repetitions.  If you desired exercise.

It has been decided to repeat 10 times.  And later you find that you can't do more than 8 - or 9 repetitions, then 10, do not try hard and strive for repetition.  Regular practice will make the tenth time just as easy for you as for the ninth time, with this method, you will end the exercise process with great surprise instead of getting tired.  Tell me again allow.

I would not recommend that you continue the exercise process to the point of exhaustion.

Moderation is the answer to safe and prudent action.

Exercise equipments in the market

The average person cannot be expected to know all the equipment involved in body building exercises۔Bicycles running machines.  Rubber expanders and spring expanders are constantly stuck in the advertising cycle. You can tone your legs on a stationary bicycle.  Provided that the traction of the bicycle is gradually increased.

Moving machines Muscles of the back and arms can be developed, provided there is sufficient immunity.  Rubber and spring expanders Equipment is good for upper body development.  But sooner or later these spreading devices will lose immunity.  And you can never believe that you are energized.  Or your diffusion devices are weakened.

The pair of bars dominates all these exercises.  It will reform and develop your entire body and you will.

You can count on the weight staying the same.  A pair of barbell set racks is moderately priced.  It will last a lifetime.

And then there can always be a sale.

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English Part of Speach

In grammar, a part of speech is a linguistic category of words. In English there are eight parts of speech.

In the English language, words can be considered as the smallest elements that have distinctive meanings. Based on their use and functions, words are categorized into several types or parts of speech. This article will offer definitions and examples for the 8 major parts of speech in English grammar:

A list of parts of speech

A list of parts of speech in English grammar include the following:

1. Noun- A noun is a word used to refer to people, animals, objects, substances, states, events, ideas and feelings. A noun functions as a subject or object of a verb and can be modified by an adjective.

Examples - John, lion, table, freedom, love

I live in United States of America.

Emma is my sister.

I love to play with my cat.

2. Pronoun- A pronoun is used in the place of a noun or phrase.

Examples - I, you, he, she, it

• This House belongs to us.
• I won the race.
• The matter is between Olivia and me.

3. Verb- A verb is used to show an action or a state of being

Examples - go, write, exist

• Sophia is throwing the ball.
• He accepted the job offer.
• The Dog sat by the window.

4. Adjective- Adjectives are used to describe or specify a noun or pronoun

Examples - Good, beautiful, nice

• The gray tree is in my backyard.
• Skinny cats are not necessarily healthy.
• Hairless cats look like rats.

5. Adverb- An adverb is used to modify a verb, adjective and other adverbs.

Examples - Completely, never, there, Slowly, Rapidly, Clumsily.

• Mia ran fast.
• Sophia is always on time.
• Yesterday, we learned about multiplication.

6. Preposition- Prepositions are used before nouns to form a phrase that shows where, when, how and why

Examples - In, above, to, for, at

• I will have a tour in 2020.
• She will have her birthday on the 11th of August.
• He will meet you at night.

7. Conjunction- Conjunctions join clauses or sentences or words

Examples - And, but, when

• He is very tired, yet he has lots of work to do.
• I like to read science books and story books.
• He often goes running or biking.

8. Interjection- Interjections are used to show surprise or emotion.

Examples - Oh!, Hurrah!, Oops

• Hurrah! We have won the match.
• Oh, what's a surprise?
• Oops, I’m sorry. That was my mistake.

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Travel Guides Videos

1. Information about Pakistan Flag.

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2. Countries in South Asia with Flags and Currency.

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3. 10 Countries which no longer exist.

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4. 10 other Countries which no longer exist.

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5. Why Korea split into North Korea and South Korea.

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6. The most complex International borders in the World.

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7. Unusual Boarders between Countries.

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Afghanistan

 

Flag of Afghanistan

15 August 2021 (current form)

State emblem of Afghanistan

(coat of arms adopted 15 Agust 2021)

Introduction of Afghanistan 

Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, status Un member state unrecognised government after tailban taking charge of the country is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia.

Referred to as the Heart of Asia, it is bordered by Pakistan to the east and south, Iran to the west, Turkmenistan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, Tajikistan to the northeast, and China to the northeast and east. Occupying 652,864 square kilometres (252,072 sq mi) of land, the country is predominantly mountainous with plains in the north and the southwest, which are separated by the Hindu Kush mountain range. Kabul is the country's largest city and serves as its capital. As of 2021, Afghanistan's population is 40.2 million (officially estimated to be 32.9 million), composed of ethnic Pashtuns, Tajiks, Hazaras, Uzbeks, Turkmens, Qizilbash, Aimak, Pashayi, Baloch, Pamiris, Nuristanis, and others.

Legislative body of Afghanistan 

The Leadership Council of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, also translated as the Supreme Council, (Pashto: رهبری شُورَىٰ, romanized: Rahbarī Shūrā, also referred to as the Inner Shura) is the central governing body of the Taliban and Afghanistan. The Taliban uses a consensus decision-making model among members of the Leadership Council, though the supreme leader, who chairs the council, has ultimate authority and may override or circumvent it at any time. It played a key role in directing the Taliban insurgency from Quetta, Pakistan, which led to it being informally referred to as the Quetta Shura at the time.

State heads

Government Unitary totalitarian provisional theocratic Islamic emirate.

Supreme Leader of Afghanistan is Hibatullah Akhundzada.

Prime Minister of Afghanistan is

Hasan Akhund (acting). And Chief Justice

Abdul Hakim Ishaqzai.

Capital of Afghanistan 

Kabul is the largest city and capital of Afghanistan.

Currancy of Pakistan

Currancy of Afghanistan is Afgani (افغانی).

Country codes

Caling code +93

Iso code 3166 AF

ISO 3166 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, special areas of geographical interest, and their principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states).

National Language of Afghanistan 

National Language of Afghanistan is Pashto (پشتو)، Dari.

Other ethnic regional languages are spoken along with official language like 42% Pashtun, 27% Tajik, 9% Hazara, 9% Uzbek, 4% Aimaq, 3% Turkmen, 2% Baloch, 4% Others etc, are spoken in different areas of the Afghanistan .

Time zone

UTC+04:30 (Time of Afghanistan)(Lunar calendar)

Coordinated Universal Time or UTC is the primary time standard by which the world regulates clocks and time.

Date format 

dd.mm.yy.y.y

Driving side

Right drive 

Travel facilities

Transporter vechiels are available in whole Pakistan, trains and domestic air lines are available for some major cities. And boats are available for some water lock areas.

GDP year 2022

Gross Domestic products of the year 2021 is 14.79 US billion dollars.

Relegion

99.7% islam 

0.3% others

Population of Afghanistan 

It is the world's 37th-most populous country, with a population of almost 40.2 million (officially estimated to be 38.34 million, composed of ethnic Pashtuns, Tajiks, Hazaras, Uzbeks, Turkmens, Qizilbash, Aimak, Pashayi, Baloch, Pamiris, Nuristanis, and others.

Map of Afghanistan 

Map of Afghanistan 

Total Area

652,867 km square .

Water % negligible.

Area and boundaries of Afghanistan 

Afghanistan is the 40th-largest country in the world by area and the fifth-largest in South Asia, spanning 652,867 square kilometers (252,073 square miles). 

it is bordered by Pakistan to the east and south, 2627km (1660 miles) known as durand line. Iran to the west 921 km (572miles), Turkmenistan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, Tajikistan to the northeast 1357 km (843 miles), and China to the northeast and east 92km (57 miles) long. Occupying 652,864 square kilometres (252,072 sq mi) of land, the country is predominantly mountainous with plains in the north and the southwest, which are separated by the Hindu Kush mountain range.

Cultural civilization and Heritage

Human habitation in Afghanistan dates back to the Middle Paleolithic era, and the country's strategic location along the historic Silk Road has led it to being described, picturesquely, as the ‘roundabout of the ancient world’. Popularly referred to as the graveyard of empires, the land has historically been home to various peoples and has witnessed numerous military campaigns, including those by the Persians, Alexander the Great, the Maurya Empire, Arab Muslims, the Mongols, the British, the Soviet Union, and most recently by a US-led coalition. Afghanistan also served as the source from which the Greco-Bactrians and the Mughals, amongst others, rose to form major empires. The various conquests and periods in both the Iranian and Indian cultural spheres made the area a center for Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, Hinduism, and later Islam throughout history.

National symbols of Afghanistan 

Afghanistan-state owned is known as National of Afghanistan. Some important are given below.

• National flag of Afghanistan having kalma black in colour on white background which represents Islamic Republic and white color represents sighn of peace.
• National language of Afghanistan is Pashto, Dari.
• National emblem of Afghanistan has a mihrab with a minbar within, supporting the Quran, and crowned by the sun.Two swords, two sheaves of wheat and a cogwheel. Inscription of the shahada in Arabic and name of the nation in Pashto: لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله - ١٤١٥,١,١٥هـ ت - د افغانستان اسلامي امارت "There is no god but Allah. Muhammad is the messenger of Allah - 15-1-1415A.H.Q[b] - Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan".
• National motive of Afghanistan لا إله إلا الله، محمد رسول الله  (Lā ʾilāha ʾillāl–lāh, Muhammadun rasūl allāh).
• National anthem of Afghanistan is Afgan national anthem.
• National heros of Afghanistan is Ahmad Shah Durrani.
• National mausoleum of Afghanistan is tomb of Ahmad Shah Durrani.
• National poet of Afghanistan is Rumi.
• National dress of Afghanistan is Afgan clothes (shalwar kameez).
• National mosque of Afghanistan is  Abdul Rahman Mosque, Kabul.
• National mountain of Afghanistan is Mount Noshaq.
• National River of Afghanistan is Kabul river.
• National sport of Afghanistan is Buzkashi.
• National dance of Afgan is Attan.
• National instrument of Afghanistan is Rubab.
• National flower of Afghanistan is Tulip.
• National animal of Afghanistan is snow leopard.
• National dog of Afghanistan is Afgan Hound.
• National bird of Afghanistan is golden Eagle.
• The kabul public library (KPL) is also the only state-owned public library in Kabul and the oldest of the public libraries in Afghanistan.
• National Fruit of Afghanistan is Pomegranate.
• National dish of Afghanistan is Qabuli Palaw.
• National tree of Afghanistan is  Afghan Pine.
• National drink of Afghanistan is traditional Tea .
• National food of Afghanistan is Qabuli palaw.
• Afghanistan National Television is the state-owned television channel in Afghanistan. It is part of the Radio Television Afghanistan (RTA) public broadcaster.
• Communications in Afghanistan is under the control of the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (MCIT).Radio Afghanistan, also known as Radio Kabul or Voice of Sharia, is the public radio station of Afghanistan, owned by Radio Television Afghanistan.
• Afghanistan Railways is the national, state-owned railway company which own three routes and working to expand.
• Ariana Afghan Airlines (ARIANA) is the largest airline in Afghanistan and serves as the country's National Carrier. Founded in 1955
• Afghan Post is the national mail and courier organization of Afghanistan with its headquarters in Kabul.

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Iran

 

Flag of Iran 

State emblem of Iran

(coat of arms adopted 1979)

Introduction of Iran

Iran, also known as Persia and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, is a country located in Western Asia. 

In 1501, the kings, or shahs, of the Safavid Empire began their reign. In the late 18th century, foreign powers, including Russia and Britain, took control of parts of Persia. In 1921, a Persian army officer named Reza Khan took control and sought to end outside influence. In 1935, he renamed the country Iran. 

It  bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmenistan to the north, by Afghanistan and Pakistan to the east, and by the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.  .  It covers an area of ​​1.64 million square kilometers (0.63 million square miles), making it the 17th-largest country.  Iran has an estimated population of 86.8 million, making it the 17th-most populous country in the world, and the second-largest in the Middle East.  Its largest cities, in descending order, are the capital Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, Karaj, Shiraz, and Tabriz.

Legislative body

Unlike other Western or Islamic governments, the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran is supervised by a supreme leader and an appointed & unelected Guardian Council which is made up of Islamic clerics, (in the case of the Guardian Council, half of its members are  Islamic jurists).

State heads

The Supreme Leader is the head of state (above the president), and he either has direct or indirect control of the executive, legislative and judicial branches of government, as well as the military and the media.  Iran's president, a parliament (or a Majlis), an Assembly of Experts (which elects the supreme leader), and local councils are all elected, but all candidates who run for these positions must be vetted by the Guardian Council (which disqualifies the overwhelming  majority of the candidates) for their loyalty to the Islamic Republic's system of government. In 1998, the Guardian Council rejected Hadi Khamenei's candidacy for a seat in the Assembly of Experts for "insufficient theological qualifications". In addition, there are representatives elected from appointed organizations (usually under the Supreme Leader's control) to "protect the state's Islamic character".

Capital of Iran 

Tehran is the capital of Iran.

Largest city 

Tehran is the largest city and capital of Iran.

Currancy of Iran

Currancy of Iran is Iranian rial (ریال)(IRR).

Country codes

Caling code +98

Iso code 3166 IR

ISO 3166 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, special areas of geographical interest, and their principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states).

National Language of Iran

National Language of Iran is Persian ( فارسی ) .

Other ethnic regional languages are spoken like 53% Persian, 18% Azerbaijani and other Turkic dialects (incl. Qashqai, Turkmen), 10% Kurdish, 7% Gilak and Mazanderani, 6% Luri, 2% Balochi, 2% Arabic, 2% other (incl. Armenian, Assyrian, Georgian, Laki, Semnani)  Talysh, Tati) are spoken different areas of the Iran.

Time zone

UTC+3:30(IRST)

Coordinated Universal Time or UTC is the primary time standard by which the world regulates clocks and time.

Date format 

yyyy/mm/dd   (SH: Solar Hijri Calender)

Driving side

Right drive

Travel facilities

Transporter vechiels are available in whole Pakistan, trains and domestic air lines are available for some major cities. And boats are available for some water lock areas.

GDP year 2022

Gross Domestic products of the year 2022 is 231.55 US billion dollars.

Relegion

Shia islam 

0.1% others

Population of Iran

It is the world's 17th populous country, and second-largest in the Middle East with a population of almost 86.8 million people, according to census 2022.

It is the fourth-largest country entirely in Asia and the second-largest country in Western Asia behind Saudi Arabia.

Map of Iran 

Map of Iran 

Total Area

1,648,195 km square .

Water % 1.63 .

Area and boundaries of Pakistan 

Iran has an area of ​​1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi). It is the fourth-largest country entirely in Asia and the second-largest country in Western Asia behind Saudi Arabia. It lies between latitudes 24° and 40° N, and longitudes 44° and 64° E. It is bordered to the northwest by Armenia (35 km or 22 mi), the Azeri exclave of Nakhchivan (179 km or 111 mi), and the Republic of Azerbaijan (611 km or 380 mi);  to the north by the Caspian Sea;  to the northeast by Turkmenistan (992 km or 616 mi);  to the east by Afghanistan (936 km or 582 mi) and Pakistan (909 km or 565 mi);  to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman;  and to the west by Iraq (1,458 km or 906 mi) and Turkey (499 km or 310 mi).

Cultural civilization and Heritage

The country is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BC. It was first unified by the Medes, an ancient Iranian people, in the seventh century BC, and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BC, when Cyrus the Great founded the Achaemenid Persian Empire, which became one of the largest empires in history and a superpower. The Achaemenid Empire fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BC and was subsequently divided into several Hellenistic states. An Iranian rebellion established the Parthian Empire in the third century BC, which was succeeded in the third century AD by the Sassanid Empire, a major world power for the next four centuries. Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century AD, which led to the Islamization of Iran. It subsequently became a major center of Islamic culture and learning, with its art, literature, philosophy, and architecture spreading across the Muslim world and beyond during the Islamic Golden Age. Over the next two centuries, a series of native Iranian Muslim dynasties emerged before the Seljuk Turks and the Mongols conquered the region. In the 15th century, the native Safavids re-established a unified Iranian state and national identity, and converted the country to Shia Islam. Under the reign of Nader Shah in the 18th century, Iran presided over the most powerful military in the world, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the Russian Empire led to significant territorial losses.

Iran is rich in cultural civilization and Heritage every years millions of Muslims  visit iran for visiting  their spiritual places.

National of Iran

Pakistani-state owned is known as National of Pakistan. Some important are given below.

• The colours of the Iranian flag are traditional, probably dating from at least the 18th century, and they can be interpreted as representing the Islamic religion (green), peace (white), and courage (red). National emblem in center of flag and 11 time takbibir line strip in between flag.
• National language of Iran is Persian.
• National emblem of Iran is takbibir in center.
• National hero of Iran is Nader Shah.
• National supreme leadr of iran is the Ayatollah Sayyid Ali Khamenei .

• National poet of Iran is Simin Behbahani.
• National dress of Iran is Lur Traditional Dress (traditional clothes).
• National mosque of Iran is the Shah mosque , Tehran.
• National mountain of Iran is Mount Damavand.
• National River of Iran is Haraz river.
• National aquatc animal is not yet define their are 155 species of fishes present in Iran.
• National sport of Iran is wrestling.
• National flower of Iran is water lily.
• National animal of Iran is Lion or Panthera.
• National bird of Iran is Nightingale.
• National Library and Archives of Iran (NLAI) or National Library of the Islamic Republic of Iran is located in Tehran, Iran.
• National Fruit of Iran is Pomegranate.
• National tree of Iran is common name Mediterranean cypress and Scientific name is Cupressus sempervirens.
• National drink of Iran is Tea.
• National food of Iran is Khoresh-e ghormeh sabzi.
• Iran Air is the national airline of Iran.
• National broadcasting of Iran is The Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) is the soleIranian public service broadcaster headquartered in Tehran.
• National telecommunications of Iran is Telecommunication Company of Iran, or TCI (Persian: شرکت مخابرات ایران, romanized: Sherkat-e Moxaberat-e Iran).
• National public broadcaster for radio in iran is Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB).
• National steel mill of Iran is national Iranian steel company (NISCO).
• The Islamic Republic of Iran Railways (abbreviated as IRIR, or sometimes as RAI) (Persian: راه‌آهن جمهوری اسلامی ایران, romanized: Râhâhan-e Jomhuri-ye Eslâmi-ye Irân) is the national state-owned railway system of Iran. 
• National post of Iran is Iran post.

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Pakistan

Flag of Pakistan 

State emblem of Pakistan

(coat of arms adopted 1954) 

Introduction of Pakistan 

Pakistan (Urdu: پاکستان ) officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a country in South Asia. Pakistan came into being in 14 Agust 1947.

The founder of Pakistan was Quaied-E-Azam Mohammed Ali Jinnah.

Pakistan is a middle power nation, and has the world's sixth-largest standing armed forces. It is a declared nuclear-weapons state, in 28 may 1998. A nuclear scientist Dr Abdull Qadier khan known as the Father of Pakistani atomic bomb.

Pakistan is ranked among the emerging and growth-leading economies,

But now these days due to cruption and  political crisis Pakistan is on vage of bank rupcy.

Legislative body of Pakistan

The Parliament of Pakistan (Urdu: مجلسِ شوریٰ پاکستان, Majlis-e-Shūrā Pākistān, lit. "Pakistan Advisory Council" or "Pakistan Consultative Assembly") is the federal and supreme legislative body of Pakistan. It is a bicameral federal legislature that consists of the Senate as the upper house and the National Assembly as the lower house.

State heads

The prime minister of Pakistan (Urdu: وزِیرِ اعظم پاکستان , is the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Executive authority is vested in the prime minister and his chosen cabinet, despite the president of Pakistan serving as the nominal head of executive.

Capital of Pakistan 

Islmabad is the capital of Pakistan.

Largest city 

Karchi is the largest city of Pakistan and finical centre.

Currancy of Pakistan

Currancy of Pakistan is Pakistani Rupees.

Country codes

Caling code +92

Iso code 3166 Pk

ISO 3166 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, special areas of geographical interest, and their principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states).

National Language of Pakistan 

National Language of Pakistan is urdu ( اُردو ) but most of official work done in English instead of urdu.

Other ethnic languages are spoken like Pashto, punjabi, saraiki , Sindhi, hindko balochi marathi Kashmiri gujri etc, approximately 77 ethnic languages are spoken all over the Pakistan.

Time zone

UTC+05:00(PKT)

Coordinated Universal Time or UTC is the primary time standard by which the world regulates clocks and time.

Date format 

dd.mm.yy.y.y

Driving side

Left drive 

Travel facilities

Transporter vechiels are available in whole Pakistan, trains and domestic air lines are available for some major cities. And boats are available for some water lock areas.

GDP year 2022

Gross Domestic products of the year 2022 is 376.49 US billion dollars.

Relegion

96.5% islam 

2.1% Hinduism

1.3 % christainty 

0.1% others

Population of Pakistan 

It is the world's fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 243 million people, according to census 2022 and has the world's second-largest Muslim population, just behind Indonesia.

Map of Pakistan

Map of Pakistan 

Total Area

881,913 km square .

Water % 2.86 .

Area and boundaries of Pakistan 

Pakistan is the 33rd-largest country in the world by area and the second-largest in South Asia, spanning 881,913 square kilometers (340,509 square miles).  It has a 1,046-kilometer (650-mile) coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south, and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest, and China to the northeast.  It is separated narrowly from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor in the north, and also shares a maritime border with Oman.  Islamabad is the nation's capital, while Karachi is its largest city and financial center.

Cultural civilization and Heritage

Pakistan is the site of several ancient cultures, including the 8,500-year-old Neolithic site of Mehrgarh in Balochistan, the Indus Valley civilization of the Bronze Age, the most extensive of the civilizations of Afro-Eurasia, and the ancient Gandhara civilization. 

The regions that comprise the modern state of Pakistan were the realm of multiple empires and dynasties, including the Achaemenid, the Maurya, the Kushan, the Gupta; the Umayyad Caliphate in its southern regions, the Samma, the Hindu Shahis, the  Shah Miris, the Ghaznavids, the Delhi Sultanate, the Mughals, and most recently, the British Raj from 1858 to 1947.

National of Pakistan 

Pakistani-state owned is known as National of Pakistan. Some important are given below.

• National flag of Pakistan having green and white color Cresent and star ,green represents the Muslim majority and agricultural country white non Muslims and sighn of peace.
• National language of Pakistan is Urdu.
• National emblem of Pakistan is shield with wreath of jasmine.
• National motive of Pakistan Faith, Unity, Discipline.
• National badges of Pakistan is Nishan-e-Haider , Tamgha-e-Imtiaz.
• National heros of Pakistan is Quaied-e-Azam Mohammed Ali Jinnah and Fatima Jinnah.
• National mausoleum of Pakistan is Mazar-e-Quaied.
• National poet of Pakistan is Allama Iqbal.
• National Mohsin of Pakistan is Dr. Abdul Qadier khan.
• National dress of Pakistan is shalwar kameez.
• National colure of Pakistan is dark green.
• National mosque of Pakistan is Faisal mosque, Islmabad.
• National mountain of Pakistan is K-2.
• National River of Pakistan is indus river.
• National aquatc animal of Pakistan is indus river dolphin.
• National sport of Pakistan is Hockey.
• National flower of Pakistan is Jasmine.
• National animal of Pakistan is Markhor.
• National bird of Pakistan is chukar (chukar partridge).
• National library of Pakistan is National library Islmabad.
• National Fruit of Pakistan is Mango.
• National vegetable of Pakistan is lady finger.
• National tree of Pakistan Deodar tree.
• National drink of Pakistan is sugarcane drink.
• National food of Pakistan is Nihari.
• National broadcasting of Pakistan is Pakistan television (ptv) established in 1964.
• National telecommunications of Pakistan is Pakistan telecommunication company limited (Ptcl), established since 1947.
• National public broadcaster for radio in Pakistan is Radio Pakistan head quarter is in Islamabad. The network established in 14 agust 1947.
• National steel mill of Pakistan is Pakistan steel mill Karachi.
• Pakistan Railways (reporting mark PR) (Urdu: پاکستان رلویز) is the national, state-owned railway company of Pakistan head office in Lahore.
• National Air line of Pakistan is Pakistan international airline (PIA).
• National post of Pakistan is Pakistan post established in 1947, it started functioning as Department of Post & Telegraph head office in Islamabad.

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Zoology

Zoology (/zoʊˈɒlədʒi/) is the branch of biology that studies the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct, and how they interact with their ecosystems.  The term is derived from Ancient Greek ζῷον, zōion ('animal'), and λόγος, logos ('knowledge', 'study').

Ornithology, a branch of zoology dealing with the study of birds.

Here we discuss both in this section.

History of Zoology

Much of the early information about human anatomy came from the dissection and study of animals, although some efforts were made to understand and classify animals.  It was during the Renaissance that the study of zoology began to separate from human anatomy, as great artists who sought to understand the makeup of both men and animals emerged.  Great natural scientists, such as Konrad Gesner (1516-1565), recognized as the father of zoology, developed the field as a scientific inquiry.  Other investigators, such as Guillaume Rondelet (1507-1566) and Ulisse Aldrovandi (1522-1605), contributed accurate observations of animals.  Natural philosopher and theologian John Ray (1627-1705) also sought to understand and classify all known animals.

The classification and physiological studies by these early naturalists provided the foundation upon which the zoology of the nineteenth century was unified by the theory of evolution.  Comparison of animals allowed an understanding of how various animals might have developed.  Zoology in the late twentieth century developed as a major force behind the understanding of total interrelationships and the ecology movement.

Aristotle (384-322 b.c.) first attempted a comprehensive classification of animals.

He was the first to establish some type of hierarchy of animals based on the logic of structure.

Roman scholar Pliny the Elder (a.d. 23-79) wrote a major work on natural history.

The great physician Galen (129-199?) dissected only animals for his studies of human anatomy, and his works became the standard for use in medicine throughout the Middle Ages.

In the twelfth century The idea emerged that medical practice should be made a division of the "natural" part of philosophy, as Aristotle had done. By the mid-thirteenth century.

These ideas were famous during Renaissance in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.

Most important of all was the invention of the printing press with movable type by Johann Gutenberg (1398?-1468) around 1455. This enabled scholars to write about their findings and ideas,

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) was motivated to study animals, comparing them to the physical form of man.  He was the first to describe the homology, or the arrangements of the bones and joints, of a horse.  He noted how they were alike and how they differed from the human.  Homology would become an important concept in classifying distinct units, and later play a part in the study of evolution.

Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564), the great anatomist and illustrator, encouraged the new spirit of investigation by dissecting humans, he also used animal parts to show structures such as the kidney.  These artists and early anatomists promoted knowledge through dissection and a new spirit of investigation.  Francis Bacon (1561-1626) gave increasing emphasis to direct observation and experiment, which caught on in the seventeenth century.

Gesner was the first botanist to grasp the importance of floral structures to establish a systematic key of classification of plants.  He drew over 1,500 plates himself for his Opera botanica, published in 1551 and 1571.

Since Gesner was the first naturalist to sketch fossils, he is considered to the first paleontologist.

Many other people who made famous discoveries were interested in animals.  William Harvey (1578-1657) demonstrated the circulation of the blood and function of the heart, arteries, and veins.  The invention of the microscope by Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) assisted in comparing fine structures that previously could not be seen with the unaided eye.  Jan Swammerdam (1637-1680) and Marcello Malpighi (1628-1694), who discovered the role of the capillaries, added to the body of information about animals.

The work of the great naturalists culminated in the work of Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778).  His binomial system of nomenclature (genus and species) and Systema naturae (1735) marked the beginning of the modern system of classification and helped define zoology as a distinct discipline of study.

And than 18 and 19th centuries zoological knowledge is on its peak and now zoology is a major branch of science which discuss about birds animals their systems etc .

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