X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)

Working principle & Instrumentation XPS instrumentation XPS (photoelectron spectroscopy) is a surface-sensitive technique used to analyze the elemental composition, chemical state, and electronic state of elements on the surface of a material.In Xps photoelectrons emitted from material...

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X-ray Diffraction (XRD)

Working principle & Instrumentation XRD instrumentation XRD (X-ray Diffraction) is versatile nondistructive technique used to analyze the crystallographic structure of materials by measuring the diffraction pattern of X-rays as they interact with a crystalline sample.XRD provides...

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Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)

Working principle & Instrumentation  FTIR instrumentation FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) is analytical technique for determining functional group and crystal orientations. Their nature may be of organic or inorganic. FTIR contain IR source to produce...

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Surface Area Analyzer (SSA)

Working principle & Instrumentation SAA instrumentation The SSA (Surface Area Analyzer) is used to measure the specific surface area of a material, providing information about its porosity and the extent of available surface for chemical interactions. SAA quantifies the surface area...

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Pore Size Distribution (PSD)

Working principle & Instrumentation PSD instrumentation  Pore size distribution analysis is used to determine the range of pore sizes within a material. This information is crucial for understanding the material's properties, especially in fields like material science,...

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Point of Zero Charge (PZC)

Working principle & Instrumentation  PZC instrumentation The Point of Zero Charge (PZC or pHPZC) is a characteristic of a material's surface at which the material carries no net electrical charge. It is a critical parameter in understanding the surface charge behavior...

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Thermogravimetry Analysis (TGA)

Working principle & Instrumentation TGA instrumentation Thermal analysis are Techniques in which a physical property of a substance is measured as a function of temperature whilst the substance is subjected to a controlled temperature programme certain techniques lie in this here we discuse...

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Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA)

Working principle & Instrumentation DTA instrumentation  Thermal analysis are Techniques in which a physical property of a substance is measured as a function of temperature whilst the substance is subjected to a controlled temperature programme certain techniques lie in this...

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Sperm donation

 Sperm donation is the provision by a man of his sperm with the intention that it be used in the artificial insemination or other "fertility treatment" of one or more women who are not his sexual partners in order that they may become pregnant by him. Where pregnancies go to full term, the sperm...

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Egg donation

Egg donation is the process by which a woman donates eggs to enable another woman to conceive as part of an assisted reproduction treatment or for biomedical research. For assisted reproduction purposes, egg donation typically involves in vitro fertilization technology, with the eggs being fertilized...

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Egg Freezing or Oocyte Cryopreservation

Egg freezing is a method of preserving a woman’s fertility so she can try and have children at a later date. Firstly, you’ll need to be tested for any infectious diseases like HIV and hepatitis. This has no bearing on whether you can freeze your eggs or not, but is to ensure that affected egg samples...

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Surrogacy

 Surrogacy is an arrangement, often supported by a legal agreement, whereby a woman agrees to delivery/labour or Carrier on behalf of another couple or person, who will become the child's parent(s) after birth. People may seek a surrogacy arrangement when a couple do not wish to carry a pregnancy...

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Cultured meat (Lab grown meat)

Cultured meat (also known by other names like lab grown meat , artificial meat is occasionally used) is meat produced by culturing animal cells in vitro. It is a form of cellular agriculture.Lab-grown meat or Cultured meat is a genetically engineered product that uses biotechnology. Cultured meat...

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